THE EFFECT OF FREE FATTY ACIDS ON CPO FROM INTEGRATED PALM OIL FRUIT BUNCHES AND BRUISED PALM OIL FRUIT BUNCHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35261/barometer.v11i2.13247Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of the physical condition of oil palm fruits on oil yield and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in crude palm oil (CPO), as well as to compare the results obtained from intact and bruised oil palm fruits. An experimental method was employed using 25 g samples of each fruit condition. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method with 50 mL of petroleum ether. The solvent was subsequently separated to obtain the extracted oil. Observations were conducted for five days. Oil yield was calculated by comparing the weight of the extracted oil with the initial sample weight, while FFA levels were determined based on the volume and normality of NaOH and the weight of the oil sample. The results showed that intact fruits produced a higher oil yield, decreasing from 49.2% on the first day to 46.0% on the fifth day. Bruised fruits produced a yield of 39.2% on the first day, which decreased to 36.6% on the fifth day. The FFA level in intact fruits increased from 2.10% to 3.89%, while that in bruised fruits increased from 4.42% to 5.82%. Mechanical damage accelerated lipase activity and triglyceride hydrolysis, thereby increasing FFA levels and reducing oil yield. In conclusion, intact oil palm fruits produced CPO with a higher yield and better quality than bruised fruits. Proper post-harvest handling is therefore required to minimize fruit damage.
Downloads
References
[1] U. N. Agfira, B. Harahap, and S. R. Sibuea, “Effect of temperature on moisture content in kernel (palm core) in seed silo by complete random design method (RAL) in Kernel Crushing Plant Unit of PT Smart Tbk, Belawan,” Jurnal Teknik Indonesia, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 15–23, 2024.
[2] D. R. Appleton, “Free fatty acid formation points in palm oil processing and the impact on oil quality,” Agriculture, vol. 13, no. 5, p. 957, 2023.
[3] P. C. Asuzu, V. T. Wyatt, P. N. Asare-Okai, and N. A. Tawiah, “Comparison of solvent systems on extraction, quality characteristics, and volatile compounds of palm kernel oil,” Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, vol. 100, no. 11, pp. 901–913, 2023.
[4] A. H. Bahrun, A. A. Sulaiman, F. Djufry, S. Karouw, L. Trivana, Y. Matana, Nasaruddin, and Rafiuddin, Buku Ajar Budidaya dan Pengolahan Kelapa. Jakarta: Pertanian Press, 2024.
[5] D. Chandrahadinata and R. Juliansyah, “Perencanaan dan pengendalian kualitas Palm Kernel Oil dengan menggunakan metode Statistical Quality Control,” Jurnal Kalibrasi, vol. 23, no. 1, 2025.
[6] Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia: Kelapa Sawit. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia, 2020.
[7] M. Fauzi, “Analisis nilai Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Iodin Value (IV), dan moisture pada Crude Palm Kernel Oil,” Amina, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 81–88, 2024.
[8] H. A. Hasibuan, Teknologi Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit dan Produk Turunannya. Jakarta: IPB Press, 2023.
[9] I. Pahan, Panduan Lengkap Kelapa Sawit: Manajemen Agribisnis dari Hulu hingga Hilir. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, 2023.
[10] A. Mahfud and E. R. Situmorang, “Korelasi antara kadar air pada kernel terhadap mutu kadar asam lemak bebas produk Palm Kernel Oil yang dihasilkan,” Industrial Engineering Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 45–53, 2025.
[11] S. W. Saragih and W. H. Irham, Kimia Fisika untuk Industri Minyak Sawit: Meningkatkan Efisiensi dan Kualitas Produk. Indonesia: PT Sonpedia Publishing, 2024.
[12] W. R. Simatupang, N. Sutrisno, H. Haniza, N. Siregar, B. S. Kesuma, and R. Zulvatricia, “Application of SQC and anova in quality control of Palm Kernel Oil,” Journal of Industrial and Manufacture Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 112–121, 2024.
[13] S. Sukamto, Teknologi Pengolahan Minyak Inti Sawit (Palm Kernel Oil). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 2024.
